IS/ISO 14021: Environmental Labels and Declarations - Self-Declared Environmental Claims (Type II Environmental Labeling)

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Disclosure to Promote the Right To Information

Whereas the Parliament of India has set out to provide a practical regime of right to
information for citizens to secure access to information under the control of public authorities,
in order to promote transparency and accountability in the working of every public authority,
and whereas the attached publication of the Bureau of Indian Standards is of particular interest
to the public, particularly disadvantaged communities and those engaged in the pursuit of
education and knowledge, the attached public safety standard is made available to promote the
timely dissemination of this information in an accurate manner to the public.

Jawaharlal Nehru
Step Out From the Old to the New

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IS/ISO 14021 :1999

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Indian Standard

ENVIRONMENTAL LABELS AND DECLARATIONS —

SELF-DECLARED ENVIRONMENTAL CLAIMS

(TYPE II ENVIRONMENTAL LABELLING)

ICS 13.020.50

© BIS 2003

BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS

MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG
NEW DELHI 1 10002

December 2003 Price Group 9

Environmental Management Sectional Committee, CHD 34

NATIONAL FOREWORD

This Indian Standard which is identical with ISO 14021 : 1999 'Environmental labels and declarations —
Self-declared environmental claims (Type II environmental labelling' issued by the International
Organization for Standardization (ISO) was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards on the
recommendations of the Environmental Management Sectional Committee and approval of the Chemical
Division Council.

The text of ISO Standard has been approved as suitable for publication as an Indian Standard without
deviations. Certain conventions are, however, not identical to those used in Indian Standards. Attention is
particularly drawn to the following:

a) Wherever the words 'International Standard' appears referring to this standard, they should
be read as 'Indian Standard'.

b) Comma (,) has been used as a decimal marker while in Indian Standards, the current practice
is to use a point (.) as the decimal marker.

CROSS REFERENCES

In this adopted standard reference appear to certain International Standards for some of which Indian
Standards also exist. The corresponding Indian Standards which are to be substituted in their places are
listed below along with their degree of equivalence for the editions indicated:

International Standard

Corresponding Indian Standard

Degree of
Equivalence

ISO 7000 Graphical symbols for
use on equipment — Index and
synopsis

ISO 14020 : 1998 Environmental
labels and declarations — General
principles

No IS exist

IS/ISO 14020 : 1998 Environmental labels
and declarations — General principles

Identical

IS/ISO 14021 : 1999

Introduction

The proliferation of environmental claims has created a need for environmental labelling standards which require
that consideration be given to all relevant aspects of the life cycle of the product when such claims are developed.

Self-declared environmental claims may be made by manufacturers, importers, distributors, retailers or anyone else
likely to benefit from such claims. Environmental claims made in regard to products may take the form of
statements, symbols or graphics on product or package labels, or in product literature, technical bulletins,
advertising, publicity, telemarketing, as well as digital or electronic media, such as the Internet.

In self-declared environmental claims, the assurance of reliability is essential. It is important that verification is
property conducted to avoid negative market effects such as trade barriers or unfair competition, which can arise
from unreliable and deceptive environmental claims. The evaluation methodology used by those who make
environmental claims should be clear, transparent, scientifically sound and documented so that those who purchase
or may potentially purchase products can be assured of the validity of the claims

IS/ISO 14021 : 1999

Indian Standard

ENVIRONMENTAL LABELS AND DECLARATIONS —

SELF-DECLARED ENVIRONMENTAL CLAIMS

(TYPE II ENVIRONMENTAL LABELLING)

1 Scope

This International Standard specifies requirements for self-declared environmental claims, including statements,
symbols and graphics, regarding products. It further describes selected terms commonly used in environmental claims
and gives qualifications for their use. This International Standard also describes a general evaluation and verification
methodology for self-declared environmental claims and specific evaluation and verification methods for the selected
claims in this standard.

This International Standard does not preclude, override, or in any way change, legally required environmental
information, claims or labelling, or any other applicable legal requirements.

2 Normative references

The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this
International Standard. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications do
not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to investigate the
possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. For undated references,
the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies. Members of ISO and IEC maintain registers of
currently valid International Standards.

ISO 7000, Graphical symbols for use on equipment — Index and synopsis.

ISO 14020:1 998, Environmental labels and declarations — General principles.

3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this International Standard, the following terms and definitions apply.

3.1 General terms

3.1.1
coproduct

any two or more products from the same unit process

[ISO 14041:1998]

3.1.2

environmental aspect

element of an organization's activities or products that can interact with the environment

3.1.3
environmental claim

statement, symbol or graphic that indicates an environmental aspect of a product, a component or packaging

NOTE An environmental claim may be made on product or packaging labels, through product literature, technical bulletins,
advertising, publicity, telemarketing, as well as through digital or electronic media such as the Internet.

IS/ISO 14021 : 1999

3.1.4

environmental claim verification

confirmation of the validity of an environmental claim using specific predetermined criteria and procedures with
assurance of data reliability

3.1.5

environmental impact

any change to the environment, whether adverse or beneficial, wholly or partially resulting from an organization's
activities or products

3.1.6

explanatory statement

any explanation which is needed or given so that an environmental claim can be properly understood by a
purchaser, potential purchaser or user of the product

3.1.7

functional unit

quantified performance of a product system for use as a reference unit in a life cycle assessment study

[ISO 14040:1997]

3.1.8
life cycle

consecutive and interlinked stages of a product system, from raw material acquisition or generation of natural
resources to final disposal

[ISO 14040:1997]

3.1.9

material identification

words, numbers or symbols used to designate composition of components of a product or packaging

NOTE 1 A material identification symbol is not considered to be an environmental claim.

NOTE 2 References [4] through [7] in the Bibliography give examples of International Standards, national standards and
industry publications dealing with material identification symbols.

3.1.10
packaging

material that is used to protect or contain a product during transportation, storage, marketing or use

NOTE For the purposes of this International Standard, the term "packaging" also includes any item that is physically
attached to, or included with, a product or its container for the purpose of marketing the product or communicating information
about the product.

3.1.11
product

any goods or service

3.1.12

qualified environmental claim

environmental claim which is accompanied by an explanatory statement that describes the limits of the claim

3.1.13

self-declared environmental claim

environmental claim that is made, without independent third-party certification, by manufacturers, importers,
distributors, retailers or anyone else likely to benefit from such a claim

IS/ISO 14021 : 1999

3.1.14
upgradability

characteristic of a product that allows its modules or parts to be separately upgraded or replaced without having to
repiace the entire product

3.1.15
waste

anything for which the generator or holder has no further use and which is discarded or is released to the

environment

3.2 Selected terms commonly used in self-declared environmental claims

Requirements for the usage of the terms listed below, in the context of making an environmental claim, are given in
clause 7.

Compostable 7.2.1

Degradable 7.3.1

Designed for disassembly 7.4.1

Extended life product 7.5.1

Recovered energy 7.6.1

Recyclable 7.7.1

Recycled content 7.8.1.1a)

Pre-consumer material 7.8.1.1 a) 1)

Post-consumer material 7.8.1 .1 .a) 2)

Recycled material 7.8.1.1b)

Recovered [reclaimed] material 7.8.1.1 c)

Reduced energy consumption 7.9.1

Reduced resource use 7.10.1

Reduced water consumption 7.1 1 .1

Reusable 7.12.1.1

Refillable 7.12.1.2

Waste reduction 7.13.1

4 Objective of self-declared environmental claims

The overall goal of environmentallabels and declarations is, through communication of verifiable, accurate information,
that is not misleading, on environmental aspects of products, to encourage demand for and supply of those products
that cause less stress on the environment, thereby stimulating the potential for market-driven continual environmental
improvement.

The objective of this International Standard is to harmonize the use of self-declared environmental claims. It is
anticipated that benefits will be:

a) accurate and verifiable environmental claims that are not misleading;

b) increased potential for market forces to stimulate environmental improvements in production, processes and
products;

c) prevention or minimization of unwarranted claims;

d) reduction in marketplace confusion;

IS/ISO 14021 : 1999

e) facilitation of international trade; and

f) increased opportunity for purchasers, potential purchasers and users of the product to make more informed
choices.

5 Requirements applying to all self-declared environmental claims

5.1 General

The requirements set out in clause 5 shall apply to any self-declared environmental claim made by a claimant, whether
it is one of the selected claims referred to in clause 7 or any other environmental claim.

5.2 Relationship to ISO 14020

In addition to the requirements of this International Standard, the principles set out in ISO 14020 shall apply. Where this
International Standard provides more specific requirements than ISO 14020, such specific requirements shall be
followed.

5.3 Vague or non-specific claims

An environmental claim that is vague or non-specific or which broadly implies that a product is environmentally
beneficial or environmentally benign shall not be used. Therefore, environmental claims such as "environmentally
safe", "environmentally friendly", "earth friendly", "non-polluting", "green", "nature's friend" and "ozone friendly" shall not
be used.

NOTE This list is illustrative and not exhaustive.

5.4 Claims of "...free"

An environmental claim of "... free" shall only be made when the level of the specified substance is no more than that
which would be found as an acknowledged trace contaminant or background level.

NOTE Attention is drawn to the requirements of 5.7 k) and 5.7 p).

5.5 Claims of sustainability

The concepts involved in sustainability are highly complex and still under study. At this time there are no definitive
methods for measuring sustainability or confirming its accomplishment. Therefore, no claim of achieving
sustainability shall be made.

5.6 Use of explanatory statements

Self-declared environmental claims shall be accompanied by an explanatory statement if the claim alone is likely to
result in misunderstanding. An environmental claim shall only be made without an explanatory statement if it is valid in
all foreseeable circumstances with no qualifications.

5.7 Specific requirements

Self-declared environmental claims and any explanatory statements are subject to all requirements in 5.7. Such claims,
including any explanatory statement:

a) shall be accurate and not misleading;

b) shall be substantiated and verified;

c) shall be relevant to that particular product, and used only in an appropriate context or setting;

d) shall be presented in a manner that clearly indicates whether the claim applies to the complete product, or only
to a product component or packaging, or to an element of a service;

IS/ISO 14021 : 1999

e) shall be specific asto the environmental aspect or environmental improvement which is claimed;

f) shall not be restated using different terminology to imply multiple benefits for a single environmental change;

g) shall be unlikely to result in misinterpretation;

h) shall be true not only in relation to the final product but also shall take into consideration all relevant aspects of
the product life cycle in order to identify the potential for one impact to be increased in the process of decreasing
another;

NOTE This does not necessarily mean that a life cycle assessment should be undertaken.

i) shall be presented in a manner which does not imply that the product is endorsed or certified by an
independent third-party organization when it is not;

j) shall not, either directly or by implication, suggest an environmental improvement which does not exist, nor
shall it exaggerate the environmental aspect of the product to which the claim relates;

k) shall not be made if, despite the claim being literally true, it is likely to be misinterpreted by purchasers or is
misleading through the omission of relevant facts;

I) shall only relate to an environmental aspect that either exists or is likely to be realized, during the life of the
product;

m) shall be presented in a manner that clearly indicates that the environmental claim and explanatory statement
should be read together. The explanatory statement shall be of reasonable size and in reasonable proximity to
the environmental claim it accompanies;

n) shall, if a comparative assertion of environmental superiority or improvement is made, be specific and make
clear the basis for the comparison. In particular, the environmental claim shall be relevant in terms of how
recently any improvement was made;

o) shall, if based on a pre-existing but previously undisclosed aspect, be presented in a manner that does not
lead purchasers, potential purchasers and users of the product to believe that the claim is based on a recent
product or process modification;

p) shall not be made where they are based on the absence of ingredients or features which have never been
associated with the product category;

q) shall be reassessed and updated as necessary to reflect changes in technology, competitive products or other
circumstances that could alter the accuracy of the claim; and

r) shall be relevant to the area where the corresponding environmental impact occurs.

NOTE A process-related claim can be made anywhere, so long as the environmental impact occurs in the area where
the production process is located. The size of the area will be determined by the nature of the impact.

5.8 Use of symbols to make environmental claims

5.8.1 When a self-declared environmental claim is made, the use of a symbol is optional.

5.8.2 Symbols used to make an environmental claim should be simple, easily reproducible and capable of being
positioned and sized to suit the product to which the symbol is likely to be applied.

5.8.3 Symbols used for one type of environmental claim should be easily distinguishable from other symbols,
including symbols for other environmental claims.

5.8.4 A symbol used to express implementation of an environmental management system shall not be used in
such a way that it could be misunderstood as an environmental symbol indicating the environmental aspects of a
product.

IS/ISO 14021 : 1999

5.8.5 Natural objects shall be used only if there is a direct and verifiable link between the object and the benefit
claimed.

NOTE There are many advantages to be gained by the use of the same symbol to denote the same environmental aspect
on competing products. As new symbols are developed, claimants are encouraged to adopt a consistent approach and not to
discourage the use of the same symbol to denote the same environmental aspect by others, tn selection of a new symbol, due
consideration should be given so as not to violate the intellectual property rights (e.g. registered designs) of third parties.

5.9 Other information or claims

5.9.1 Words, numbers or symbols may be used in addition to environmental symbols to communicate information
such as material identification, disposal instructions or hazard warnings.

5.9.2 Words, numbers or symbols used for non-environmental claim purposes shall not be used in a manner that
is likely to be misunderstood as making an environmental claim.

5.9.3 An environmental symbol as described in 5.10 shall not be modified to relate the symbol to a specific brand,
company or corporate position.

5.10 Specific symbols

5.10.1 General

The selection of specific symbols for this International Standard is based on their existing wide use or recognition. This
should not be taken to imply that environmental claims represented by these symbols are superior to other
environmental claims. Only the Mobius loop is included at present. Other-specific symbols which are not provided for in
this International Standard will be introduced at an appropriate time.

5.10.2 The Mobius loop

5.10.2.1 The Mobius loop is a symbol in the shape of three twisted chasing arrows forming a triangle. Whenever it
is used to make an environmental claim, the design shall meet the graphical requirements for ISO 7000, Symbol
No. 1135. There should, however, be enough contrast so that the symbol is clear and distinguishable. Some
examples of the form of the Mobius loop are provided in Figure 1 . Clause 7 provides detailed requirements
concerning the use and applicability of the Mobius loop.

5.10.2.2 The Mobius loop may apply to the product or the packaging. If there is any potential for confusion about
whether it applies to the product or the packaging, the symbol shall be accompanied by an explanatory statement.

5.t0.2.3 If a symbol is used for claims of recyclable or recycled content, then that symbol shall be the Mobius loop
subject to the requirements of 7.7 and 7.8.

5.10.2.4

7.8.

The Mobius loop shall only be used for claims of recycled content and recyclable, as described in 7.7 and

Figure 1 — Examples of the Mobius loop

IS/ISO 14021 : 1999

6 Evaluation and claim verification requirements

6.1 Responsibilities of the claimant

The claimant shall be responsible for .evaluation and provision of data necessary for the verification of self-declared
environmental claims.

6.2 Reliability of evaluation methodology

6.2.1 Prior to making the claim, evaluation measures shall be implemented to achieve reliable and reproducible
results necessary to verify the claim.

6.2.2 The evaluation shall be fully documented and the documentation retained by the claimant for the purpose of
the information disclosure referred to in 6.5.2. This shall be for the period that the product is on the market, and for a
reasonable period thereafter, taking into account the Iffe of the product.

NOTE For guidance on reproducibility and reliability, see references [8] through [1 1] in the Bibliography.

6.3 Evaluation of comparative claims

6.3.1 Comparative claims shall be evaluated against one or more of the following:

a) an organization's own prior process;

b) an organization's own prior product;

c) another organization's process; or

d) another organization's product.
The comparison shali only be made:

— using a published standard or recognized test method (as set out in 6.4); and

— against comparable products serving similar functions, supplied by the same or another producer, currently or
recently in the same marketplace.

6.3.2 Comparative claims involving the environmental aspects of the product's life cycle shall be:

a) quantified and calculated using the same units of measurement;

b) based on the same functional unit; and

c) calculated over an appropriate time interval, typically twelve months.

6.3.3 Comparative claims may be based on:

a) percentages, in which case they should be expressed as absolute differences; or

NOTE The following example is provided to clarify how relative measurements could be handled:

For a change from 10 % to 15 % recycled content, the absolute difference is 15 % - 10 % = 5 %, in which case, a claim
of an additional 5 % recycled content could be made; however, a claim of 50 % increase, while accurate, could be

misleading.

b) absolute (measured) values, in which case they should be expressed as relative improvements.
NOTE The following example is provided to clarify how absolute measurements could be handled:

IS/ISO 14021 : 1999

For an improvement that results in a product lasting 15 months instead of the previous 10 months, the relative difference
is

15 months -10 months .,.,. _„„,

x 1 00 = 50 %

10 months

in which case, a claim of 50 % longer life could be made. If one of the values is nil, the absolute difference should be
used.

6.3.4 As there is a high risk of confusing an absolute claim with a relative claim, the claim should be worded to be
clear that it is a claim of absolute difference and not a claim of relative difference.

6.3.5 Improvements related to a product and its packaging shall be stated separately and shall not be aggregated.

6.4 Selection of methods

Methods for evaluation and claim verification shall follow, in order of preference, International Standards,
recognized standards that have international acceptability (these may include regional or national standards) or
industry or trade methods which have been subjected to peer review. If there are no methods already in existence,
a claimant may develop a method, provided it meets the other requirements of clause 6 and is available for peer
review.

NOTE Some typical International and national standards, as well as some specific industry methods relevant to some

selected claims are listed in the Bibliography (references [12] through [66]).

6.5 Access to information

6.5.1 A self-declared environmental claim shall only be considered verifiable if such verification can be made
without access to confidential business information. Claims shall not be made if they can only be verified by

confidential business information.

6.5.2 The claimant may voluntarily release to the public the information necessary for verification of an
environmental claim. If not, the information necessary to verify the claim shall be disclosed, upon request, at a
reasonable cost (to cover administration), time and place, to any person seeking to verify the claim.

6.5.3 The minimum information required to be documented and retained in accordance with 6.2 shall include the
following:

a) identification of the standard or method used;

b) documentary evidence, if verification of the claim cannot be made by testing the finished product;

c) tes't results, where these are necessary for claim verification;

d) if testing is carried out by an independent party, the name and address of the independent party;

e) evidence that the claim conforms with the requirements of 5.7 h) and 5.7 r);

f) if the self-declared environmental claim involves a comparison with other products, then a description of the
method used, the results of any tests of those products, and any assumptions made shall be clearly stated;

NOTE Further requirements for comparative claims are set out in 5.7.

g) evidence that the claimant's evaluation gives assurance of the continuing accuracy of the self-declared
environmental claim during the period over which the product is on the market, and for a reasonable period
thereafter, taking into account the life of the product.

IS/ISO 14021 : 1999

7 Specific requirements for selected claims

7.1 General

7.1.1 Clause 7 provides interpretation and usage qualifications for selected terms commonly used in self-declared
environmental claims. The onus on a claimant to follow the principles set out in this clause shall not be diminished
by substituting like terms. Clause 7 supplements, but does not replace, the requirements in other clauses of this
International Standard.

7.1.2 it is not intended to imply that the claims in clause 7 are superior to other environmental claims. The principal
reason for their selection has been their current or potential wide use, not their environmental importance. These
claims can be applied, when relevant, to the stages of manufacturing and distribution, product usage and product
recovery and disposal.

NOTE The terms dealt with in clause 7 have been arranged in alphabetical order (in English), as set out below:

7.2 Compostable

7.3 Degradable

7.4 Designed for disassembly

7.5 Extended life product

7.6 Recovered energy

7.7 Recyclable

7.8 Recycled content

7.9 Reduced energy consumption

7.10 Reduced resource use

7.1 1 Reduced water consumption

7.12 Reusable and refillable

7.13 Waste reduction

7.2 Compostable

7.2.1 Usage of term

A characteristic of a product, packaging or associated component that allows it to biodegrade, generating a
relatively homogeneous and stable humus-like substance.

7.2.2 Qualifications

7.2.2.1 A compostability claim shall not be made for a product or packaging or a component of a product or
packaging that:

a) negatively affects the overall value of the compost as a soil amendment;

b) releases substances in concentrations harmful to the environment at any point during decomposition or
subsequent use; or

c) significantly reduces the rate of composting in those systems in which the product or component is likely to be
composted.

7.2.2.2 All compostability claims shall be clearly qualified as follows.

a) The claim shall specify whether the type of composting facility or process in which the identified component is
compostable is a home-composting facility or an on-site or central composting facility, unless the product
is compostable in all types of composting facilities, in which case no qualification is necessary.

IS/ISO 14021 : 1999

b) If the entire product is not compostable, the claim shall identify specifically which components are compostable.
If the user of the product is required to separate those components, clear direction on how to do so shall be
provided.

c) If problems or risks are associated with introducing the product into either a home-composting facility or on-site
or central composting facilities, then the claim shall identify which of these types of facility are capable of
composting the product.

7.2.2.3 If a compostability claim refers to home composting, the following additional requirements shall apply.

a) If significant preparation or product modification is necessary to ensure* satisfactory compostability, or if
significant additional treatment of the finished compost is required as a direct result of the composting of the
product or component, the compostability claim shall not be made.

b) If home composting of the product or component would require materials, equipment (other than a composting
unit) or specialized skills that are unlikely to be available in most households, the claim of home compostability
shall not be made.

7.2.2.4 If a compostability claim is dependent on processes or facilities other than home composters, then the
following shall apply.

a) Such facilities for the purpose of composting the product or packaging shall be conveniently available to a
reasonable proportion of purchasers, potential purchasers and users where the packaging or product is sold.

b) If such facilities are not conveniently available to a reasonable proportion of purchasers, potential purchasers
and users of the product, explanatory statements shall be used which are adequate to convey the limited
availability of these facilities.

c) General qualifications, such as "Compostable where facilities exist", which do not convey the limited availability
of facilities are not adequate.

7.2.3 Evaluation methodology

Evaluation shall be undertaken in accordance with clause 6.
7.3 Degradable

7.3.1 Usage of term

A characteristic of a product or packaging that, with respect to specific conditions, allows it to break down to a
specific extent within a given time.

NOTE Degradability is a function of susceptibility to changes in chemical structure. Consequent changes in physical and
mechanical properties lead to the disintegration of the product or material.

7.3.2 Qualifications

7.3.2.1 The following qualifications refer to all types of degradation, including for instance biodegradation and
photodegradation.

a) Claims of degradability shall only be made in relation to a specific test method that includes maximum level of
degradation and test duration, and shall be relevant to the circumstances in which the product or packaging is
likely to be disposed.

b) A degradable claim shall not be made for a product or packaging, or component of a product or packaging, that
releases substances in concentrations harmful to the environment.

7.3.3 Evaluation methodology

Evaluation shall be undertaken in accordance with clause 6.

10

IS/ISO 14021 : 1999

7.4 Designed for disassembly

7.4.1 Usage of term

A characteristic of a product's design that enables the product to be taken apart at the end of its useful life in such a
way that allows components and parts to be reused, recycled, recovered for energy or, in some other way, diverted
from the waste stream.

7.4.2 Qualifications

7.4.2.1 A claim of designed for disassembly shall be accompanied by an explanatory statement that specifies the
components or parts to be reused, recycled, recovered for energy or, in some other way, diverted from the waste

stream.

7.4.2.2 If a claim of designed for disassembly accompanies another claim, such as a claim of recyclable, the
relevant requirements applying to the other claim shall also be followed.

7.4.2.3 All claims that a product is designed for disassembly shall specify whether the disassembly is to be done

by the purchaser or user, or whether it is to be returned for disassembly by specialists.

7.4.2.4 If a special process is required to disassemble the product, then the following shall apply.

a) Collection or drop-off facilities shall be available to a reasonable proportion of purchasers, potential purchasers
and users of the product where the product is sold.

b) If such facilities are not conveniently available to a reasonable proportion of purchasers, potential purchasers
and users of the product, explanatory statements shall be used which are adequate to convey the limited
availability of these facilities.

c) General qualifications, such as "Can be disassembled where facilities exist", which do not convey the limited
availability of facilities are not adequate.

7.4.2.5 Products designed for disassembly by the purchaser, potential purchaser or user of the product shall have
accompanying information on disassembly tools and methods used.

7.4.2.6 A claim that a product is designed to be disassembled by the purchaser, potential purchaser or user of the

product shall only be made if:

a) specialized tools or expertise are not required; and

b) clear information on the method of disassembly and reuse, recycling, recovery or disposal of the parts is

provided.

NOTE Further guidance on provision of consumer information is given in ISO/IEC Guide 14.

7.4.2.7 Products designed for disassembly by specialists shall have accompanying information on equipment and
facilities needed to carry out the disassembly.

7.4.3 Evaluation methodology

Evaluation shall be undertaken in accordance with clause 6.
7.5 Extended life product
7.5.1 Usage of term

A product designed to provide prolonged use, based on either improved durability or an upgradability feature, that
results in reduced resource use or reduced waste.

11

IS/ISO 14021 : 1999

7.5.2 Qualifications

7.5.2.1 All claims regarding extended life shall be qualified. As extended life claims are comparative claims, the
requirements of 6.3 shall be met.

7.5.2.2 Where a claim of extended life is based upon an upgradabiiity feature, specific information on how to
achieve the required upgrade shall be provided. An infrastructure to enable upgrading shall be available.

7.5.2.3 Extended life claims that are based on the improved durability of the product shall state the extended life
period or the percentage improvement and the measured value (e.g. repetitive number of operations before
breakage) or reasoning that supports the claim.

7.5.3 Evaluation methodology

Evaluation shall be undertaken in accordance with clause 6. In addition, the average extended life period shall be
measured in accordance with appropriate standards and statistical methods, as outlined in 6.4.

7.6 Recovered energy

7.6.1 Usage of term

A characteristic of a product that has been made using energy recovered from material or energy that would have
been disposed of as waste but instead has been collected through managed processes.

NOTE In this context, the product can be the recovered energy itself.

7.6.2 Qualifications

In order for a claim to be made that a product has been manufactured using recovered energy, the energy used
shall meet the following qualifications and shall be evaluated in accordance with 7.6.3.

a) Energy recovery from waste materials refers to the collection and conversion of waste material into useful
energy. This includes any collection and conversion of waste materials from industry, home, business or public
service facilities.

b) Before a claim of recovered energy can be made, the claimant shall ensure that adverse effects on the
environment resulting from this activity are managed and controlled.

c) The type and quantity of waste that has been used for recovery shall be stated.

7.6.3 Evaluation methodology

Evaluation shall be undertaken in accordance with clause 6. In addition, evaluation of recovered energy shall be
calculated using the following method:

a) The claim shall only be made if R - E > 0.

b) A claim of net recovered energy shall be expressed as follows:

[R- E)

Net recovered enerqy (%) = — - '— x 1 00

v {R-E) + P

where

P is the amount of energy from primary sources used in the manufacturing process to produce the product;

R is the amount of energy resulting from the energy recovery process;

E is the amount of energy from primary sources used in the energy recovery process to recover or extract
the recovered energy.

12

IS/ISO 14021 : 1999

7.7 Recyclable

7.7.1 Usage of term

A characteristic of a product, packaging or associated component that can be diverted from the waste stream
through available processes and programmes and can be collected, processed and returned to use in the form of
raw materials or products.

NOTE Material recycling is only one of a number of waste-prevention strategies. The choice of a particular strategy will
depend on circumstances and account should be taken of differing regional impacts in making this choice.

7.7.2 Qualifications

If collection or drop-off facilities for the purpose of recycling the product or packaging are not conveniently available
to a reasonable proportion of purchasers, potential purchasers and users of the product in the area where the
product is sold, then the following shall apply.

a) A qualified claim of recyclability shall be used.

b) The qualified claim shall adequately convey the limited availability of collection facilities.

c) Generalized qualifications, such as "Recyclable where facilities exist", which do not convey the limited
availability of collection facilities are not adequate.

7.7.3 Use of a symbol

7.7.3.1 When a recyclable claim is made, the use of a symbol is optional.

7.7.3.2 If a symbol is used for a recyclable claim, it shall be the Mobius loop, as described in 5.10.2.

7.7.3.3 The Mobius loop, as described in 5.10.2, without a percentage value shall be taken to be a recyclable

claim.

7.7.3.4 The use of an explanatory statement is optional, subject to 5.6.

7.7.3.5 An explanatory statement may include material identification.

7.7.4 Evaluation methodology

Evaluation shall be undertaken in accordance with clause 6. The information referred to in 6.5 shall include
evidence of the following.

a) The collection, sorting and delivery systems to transfer the materials from the source to the recycling facility are
conveniently available to a reasonable proportion of the purchasers, potential purchasers and users of the
product.

b) The recycling facilities are available to accommodate the collected materials.

c) The product for which the claim is made is being collected and recycled.
7.8 Recycled content

7.8.1 Usage of terms

7.8.1 .1 Recycled content and its associated terms shall be interpreted as follows:

a) Recycled content

Proportion, by mass, of recycled material in a product or packaging. Only pre-consumer and post-consumer
materials shall be considered as recycled content, consistent with the following usage of terms.

13

IS/ISO 14021 : 1999

1 ) Pre-consumer material

Material diverted from the waste stream during a manufacturing process. Excluded is reutilization of
materials such as rework, regrind or scrap generated in a process and capable of being reclaimed within
the same process that generated it.

2) Post-consumer material

Material generated by households or by commercial, industrial and institutional facilities in their role as
end-users of the product which can no longer be used for its intended purpose. This includes returns of
material from the distribution chain.

b) Recycled material

Material that has been reprocessed from recovered [reclaimed] material by means of a manufacturing process
and made into a final product or into a component for incorporation into a product.

c) Recovered [reclaimed] material

Material that would have otherwise been disposed of as waste or used for energy recovery, but has instead
been collected and recovered [reclaimed] as a material input, in lieu of new primary material, for a recycling or
a manufacturing process.

NOTE 1 A diagrammatic representation of a material recycling system is given in annex A.

NOTE 2 For the purposes of this International Standard, the expressions "recovered material" and "reclaimed material"
are treated as synonyms; however, it is recognized that, in some countries, one or other of these expressions may be
preferred for this application.

7.8.1.2 Material recycling is only one of a number of waste-prevention strategies. The choice of a particular
strategy will depend on circumstances and account should be taken of differing regional impacts in making this
choice. Consideration shall be given to the fact that a higher percentage of recycled content does not necessarily
imply a lower environmental impact. Because of this, the recycled content claim, in particular, should be' used with
discretion.

NOTE Attention is drawn to the requirements of 5.7 h).

7.8.2 Qualifications

7.8.2.1 Where a claim of recycled content is made, the percentage of recycled material shall be stated.

7.8.2.2 The percentage recycled content for products and packaging shall be separately stated and shall not be
aggregated.

7.8.3 Use of a symbol

7.8.3.1 When a claim of recycled content is made, the use of a symbol is optional.

7.8.3.2 If a symbol is used for a recycled content claim, it shall be the Mobius loop accompanied by a percentage
value stated as "X %", where X is the recycled content expressed as a whole number calculated in accordance with
7.8.4. The percentage value shall be located either inside the Mobius loop or outside and immediately adjacent to
the Mobius loop. Examples of acceptable locations of the percentage value are shown in Figure 2. The Mobius loop
with a percentage value, stated as "X %", shall be taken to be a recycled content claim.

7.8.3.3 If the percentage recycled content is variable, it may be expressed with statements such as "at least X %",
or "greater than X%".

7.8.3.4 The use of an explanatory statement is optional, subject to 5.6.

14

IS/ISO 14021 : 1999

7.B.3.5 Where a symbol is used it may be accompanied by material identification.

Figure 2 — Examples of acceptable locations of percentage value when using the Mobius loop to make

claims about recycled content

7.8.4 Evaluation methodology

7:8.4.1 Evaluation shall be undertaken in accordance with clause 6. In addition, recycled content shall be
expressed quantitatively as a percentage, calculated as shown below. As there are no methods available for directly
measuring recycled content in a product or packaging, the mass of material obtained from the recycling process,
after accounting for losses and otheT diversions, shall be used.

X(%) = -x100

where

X
A
P

NOTE

is the recycled content, expressed as a percentage;
is the mass of recycled material;
is the mass of product.

For further clarification on the calculation of recycled material, reference may be made to annex A.

7.8.4.2 Verification of the source and quantity of the recycled materials may be carried out through the use of
purchasing documentation and other available records.

7.9 Reduced energy consumption

7.9.1 Usage of term

Reduction in the amount of energy associated with the use of a product performing the function for which it was
conceived when compared with the energy used by other products performing an equivalent function.

NOTE
saving.

Claims of reduced energy consumption are commonly expressed as energy-efficient, energy-conserving or energy-

7.9.2 Qualifications

7.9.2.1 All claims regarding reduced energy consumption shall be qualified. As reduced energy consumption is a
comparative claim, the requirements of 6.3 shall be met.

7.9.2.2 Claims for reduced energy consumption shall be based on the reduction in energy consumption in the use
of products and delivery of services. It shall not include reduction of energy in the processes used to manufacture
the product.

15

IS/ISO 14021 : 1999

7.9.3 Evaluation methodology

Evaluation shall be undertaken in accordance with clause 6. In addition, reduced energy consumption shall be
measured in accordance with established standards and methods for each product, and the average value should
be calculated by statistical processing. The selection of methods shall be in accordance with 6.4.

7.10 Reduced resource use

7.10.1 Usage of term

A reduction in the amount of material, energy or water used to produce or distribute a product or packaging or
specified associated component.

NOTE Claims of reduced resource use relating to energy and water usage in the product usage phase of the life cycle ^ire
dealt with in 7.9 and 7.11.

7.10.2 Qualifications

7.10.2.1 Resources include energy and water resources in addition to raw materials.

7.10.2.2 All claims regarding reduced resource use shall be qualified.

7.10.2.3 Reductions in resource use for products and packaging shall be separately stated and shall not be
aggregated.

7.10.2.4 Reduced resource use claims shall be expressed in terms of reduction percentage (%). As reduced
resource use is a comparative claim, the requirements of 6.3 shall be met,

7.10.2.5 If reduced resource use claims are made, the type of resource shall be stated in an explanatory
statement.

7.10.2.6 If an increase in consumption of other resources occurs as a result of the claimed reduction of resource
use, the increased resource and percentage shall be stated in an explanatory statement.

7.10.2.7 When a resource reduction has been achieved, for an initial twelve-month period, a claim may be based
on an estimated calculation of reduced resource based on the design or distribution of products or production
process.

7.10.2.8 A change in resource use shall be expressed separately for each resource.

7.10.3 Evaluation methodology

Evaluation shall be undertaken in accordance with clause 6. In addition, except as allowed for in 7.10.2.7, the
consumed resource per production unit shall be obtained by dividing the gross input of resources during a twelve-
month period by the gross production in the same twelve-month period. Reduced resource use rate percentage
(U %) shall be obtained by the following formula.

(/(%) = — — -x100

where

U is the reduced resource use per production unit, expressed as a percentage;

/ is the initial resource use, expressed as consumed resource per production unit;

N is the new resource use, expressed as consumed resource per production unit.

16

IS/ISO 14021 : 1999

7.1 1 Reduced water consumption

7.11.1 Usage of term

Reduction in the consumption of water associated with the use of a product performing the function for which it was
conceived when compared with the amount of water used by other products performing an equivalent function.

NOTE Claims of reduced water usage are commonly expressed as water-efficient, water-conserving or water-saving.

7.11.2 Qualifications

7.11.2.1 All claims regarding water efficiency or reduction shall be qualified. As reduced water consumption is a
comparative claim, the requirements of 6.3 shall be met.

7.11.2.2 Claims for reduced water consumption shall be based on the reduction in water consumption in the use of
the product. It shall not include reduction of water in manufacturing processes of the product.

7.11.3 Evaluation methodology

Evaluation shall be undertaken in accordance with clause 6. In addition, water consumption shall be measured in
accordance with established standards and methods for each product, and the average value should be calculated
by statistical processing. The selection of methods shall be in accordance with 6.4.

7.12 Reusable and refillable

7.12.1 Usage of terms

7.12.1.1 Reusable

A characteristic of a product or packaging that has been conceived and designed to accomplish within i+s life cycle a
certain number of trips, rotations or uses for the same purpose for which it was conceived.

7.12.1.2 Refillable

A characteristic of a product or packaging that can be filled with the same or similar product more than once, in its
original form and without additional processing except for specified requirements such as cleaning or washing.

7.12.2 Qualifications

7.12.2.1 No product or packaging shall be claimed to be reusable or refillable unless the product or packaging can
be reused or refilled for its original purpose.

7.12.2.2 A claim that a product or packaging is reusable or refillable shall be made only where:

a) a programme exists for collecting the used product or packaging and reusing or refilling it; or

b) facilities or products exist that allow the purchaser to reuse or refill the product or package.

7.12.2.3 If programmes for collecting the used product or packaging, or facilities for the purpose of reusing or
refilling it, are not conveniently available to a reasonable proportion of purchasers, potential purchasers and users of
the product in the area where the product or packaging is sold, then the following shall apply.

a) A qualified claim of reusability or reliability shall be used.

b) The qualified claim shall adequately convey the limited availability of collection programmes or facilities.

c) Generalized qualifications, such as "Reusable/refillable where facilities exist", which do not convey the limited
availability of collection programmes or facilities are not adequate.

17

IS/ISO 14021 : 1999

7.12.3 Evaluation methodology

Evaluation shall be undertaken in accordance with clause 6. In addition, the information referred to in 6.5 shall
include evidence of the following.

a) The product for which the claim is being made is being refilled or reused.

b) That reuse or refilling facilities are available to accommodate the product for which the claim is being made.

c) The facilities required to reuse or refill the product are conveniently available to a reasonable proportion of the
purchasers, potential purchasers and users of the product.

7.13 Waste reduction

7.13.1 Usage of term

Reduction in the quantity (mass) of material entering the waste stream as a result of a change in the product,
process or packaging.

NOTE Waste may include discharges to air and water as well as solid waste from manufacturing or treatment processes.

7.13.2 Qualifications

7.13.2.1 All claims regarding waste reduction shall be qualified. As waste reduction is a comparative claim, the
requirements of 6.3 shall be met.

7.13.2.2 Waste reduction of products and packaging may include reduction in waste generated in the production,
distribution, use and disposal stages.

7.13.2.3 Reduced waste claims may include not only the reduction in water content of solid waste but also the
reduction in mass through waste treatment processes.

7.T3.2.4 Calculations of process waste reduction shall not include in-process re-utilization of materials. such as
rework, regrind or scrap materials generated within the process and capable of being reused within the same
process that generated it.

7.13.2.5 Waste generators who transfer wastes to other users that intend to utilize the waste for a constructive
purpose, other than to put it into the waste stream, may make a claim of waste reduction.

7.13.3 Evaluation methodology

Evaluation shall be undertaken in accordance with clause 6. In addition, reduced waste amount may be calculated
from material balance sheets, as well as from the actual measurement of waste.

18

IS/ISO 14021 : 1999

Annex A

(informative)

Simplified diagrammatic representation of a recycling system

Reclaiming

process

[collect/sort)

tf*>

Recovered
(Reclaimed)
material

Other use
or sale

Recycling
process

£

.\*'

Other use
or sale

T

Primary

material

IB)

Recycled
material (-4)

4%

j_

Manufacturing
process

Recycled content of product {X %) = {A IP) x 100

Some recovered (reclaimed) materials may go directly to a manufacturing process, which includes the recycling
process, without having a separate operation called the "Recycling process", in the system. When this is done,
coproducts and waste are still likely to be generated in that manufacturing process. These coproducts and waste
shall be accounted for when determining the mass of recycled material to be used in the formula for calculating
recycled content.

NOTE This diagram represents a simplified example of a recycling system and is intended to provide information for clarity
on recycled content calculations. For more complete examples refer to ISO/TR 14049, Environmental management — Life
cycle assessment — Examples for the application of ISO 14041.

Figure A.1 — Simplified diagrammatic representation of a recycling system

19

IS/ISO 14021 : 1999

Bibliography

[1 ] ISO 1 4040:1 997, Environmental management — Life cycle assessment — Principles and framework.

[2] ISO 14041:1998, Environmental management— Life cycle assessment— Goal and scope definition and
inventory analysis.

[3] ISO/IEC Guide 14:1977, Product information for consumers.

Examples of standards for material identification symbols

References [4] through [7] give examples of standards and industry publications which deal with material
identification. These are only examples and this is not intended to be an exhaustive list.

[4] ISO 1 1 469:1 993, Plastics — Generic identification and marking of plastics products.

[5] I EC 61429:1995, Marking of secondary cells and batteries with the international recycling symbol ISO 7000-
1135.

[6] Technical Bulletin No. PBI-24-1988 Revision 2, October 1, 1990 Voluntary Guidelines — Plastic Bottle Material
Code System: Mold Modification Drawings, The Society of the Plastics Industry, Inc. (SPI).

[7] Technical Bulletin No. RPCD-13-1989 Revision 1, October 1, 1990 Voluntary Guidelines— Rigid Plastic
Container Material Code System: Mold Modification Drawings, The Society of the Plastics Industry, Inc. (SPI).

Quality assurance of testing and claim verification data

References [8] through [11] give examples of standards which can provide useful information and guidance
regarding the collection of reliable data that can then be used for claim verification. These are only examples and
this is not intended to be an exhaustive list.

[8] ISO 9004-1:1994, Quality management and quality systems elements — Part 1: Guidelines.

[9] ISO/IEC Guide 25:1 990, General requirements for the competence of calibration and testing laboratories.

[10] ANSI/ASQC E4-1994, Specifications and guidelines for quality systems for environmental data collection and
environmental technology programs.

[11] EN 45001 :1 989, General criteria for the operation of testing laboratories.

Examples of standards for testing and claim verification

References [12] through [66] list standards and industry methods which could be considered for use when collecting
various data necessary for claim verification. The list is not exhaustive and is only intended to provide an illustration
of the types of standards that could be considered when selecting methods for testing and verification of self-
declared environmental claims.

The methods in this list should only be used where the method chosen meets the relevant requirements set out in
clause 6 of ISO 1 4021 , as they apply to the particular claim being made.

a) Recycled content

[1 2] ASTM D5663-95, Standard Guide for Validating Recycled Content in Packaging Paper and Paperboard.
[1 3] BS 7500: 1 995, Specification for marking of recycled paper board.

20

IS/ISO 14021 : 1999

[14] AS 4082-1992, Recycled paper — Glossary of terms.

[15] PB! 27-1993, Technical Bulletin — Protocol to Quantify Plant Usage of Recycled Plastics in Plastic Bottle
Production, The Plastic Bottie Institute.

b) Reduced resource use

[16] ASTM D5833-95, Standard Guide for Source Reduction, Reuse, Recycling and Disposal of Steel Cans.

[17] ASTM D5834-95, Standard Guide for Source Reduction, Reuse, Recycling and Disposal of Solid and
Corrugated Fiberboard (Cardboard).

c) Degradability

[1 8] ISO 7827:1 994, Water quality — Evaluation in an aqueous medium of the "ultimate" aerobic biodegradability of
organic compounds — Method by analysis of dissolved organic carbon (DOC).

[19] ISO 9408:1999, Water quality— Evaluation of ultimate aerobic biodegradability of organic compounds in
aqueous medium by determination of oxygen demand in a closed respirometer.

[20] ISO 9439:1999, Water quality — Evaluation of ultimate aerobic biodegradability of organic compounds in
aqueous medium — Carbon dioxide evolution test.

[21] ISO 10707:1994, Water quality — Evaluation in an aqueous medium of the "ultimate" aerobic biodegradability
of organic compounds — Method by analysis of biochemical oxygen demand [closed bottle test].

[22] ISO 1 4851 , Determination of the ultimate aerobic biodegradability of plastic materials in an aqueous medium —
Method by measuring the oxygen demand in a closed respirometer.

[23] ISO 14852, Determination of the ultimate aerobic biodegradability of plastic materials in an aqueous medium —
Method by analysis of evolved carbon dioxide.

[24] ISO 14853, Determination of the ultimate anaerobic biodegradability of plastic materials in an aqueous
medium — Method by measurement of biogas production.

[25] ISO 14855, Determination of the ultimate aerobic biodegradability and disintegration of plastic materials under
controlled composting conditions — Method by analysis of evolved carbon dioxide.

[26] OECD 301 , Guideline for testing of chemicals.

[27] ASTM D3826-91 , Determining degradation end point in degradable polyethylene and polypropylene using a
tensile test.

[28] ASTM D5071-91, Standard practice for operating xenon arc type exposure apparatus with water for exposure
of photodegradable plastics.

[29] ASTM D5208-91 , Operating fluorescent ultraviolet (UV) and condensation apparatus for exposure of
photodegradable plastics.

[30] ASTM D5209-92, Test method for determining the aerobic biodegradation of plastic materials in the presence
of municipal sewage sludge.

[31] ASTM D52 10-92, Test method for determining the anaerobic biodegradation of plastic materials in the
presence of municipal sewage sludge.

[32] ASTM D5247-92, Test method for determining the aerobic biodegradability of degradable plastics by specific
microorganisms.

[33] ASTM D5271-93, Test method for determining the aerobic biodegradation of plastic materials in an activated-
sludge-wastewater treatment system.

21

IS/ISO 14021 : 1999

[34] ASTM D5272-92, Outdoor exposure testing of photodegradable plastics.

[35] ASTM D5338-93, Test method for determining aerobic biodegradation of plastic materials under controlled
composting conditions.

[36] ASTM D5437-93, Weathering of plastics under marine floating exposure.

[37] ASTM D5509-96, Standard practice for exposing plastics to a simulated compost environment.

[38] ASTM D55 10-94, Standard practice for heat aging of oxidatively degradable plastics.

[39] ASTM D5511-94, Standard test method for determining anaerobic biodegradation of plastic materials under
high-solids anaerobic digestion conditions.

[40] ASTM D5512-96, Standard practice for exposing plastics to a simulated compost environment using an
externally heated reactor.

[41] ASTM D5525-94, Standard practice for exposing plastics to a simulated active landfill environment.

[42] ASTM D5526-94, Standard test method for determining anaerobic biodegradation of plastic materials under
accelerated landfill conditions.

[43] ASTM D5988-96, Standard test method for determining aerobic biodegradation with oil of plastic materials or
residual plastic materials after composting.

[44] ASTM D6002-96, Standard guide for assessing the compostability of environmentally degradable plastics.

[45] ASTM D6003-96, Standard test method for determining weight loss from plastic materials exposed to simulated
municipal solid waste (MSW) aerobic compost environment.

[46] DIN V 54900-2, Testing of the compostability of plastics — Part 2: Testing of the complete biodegradability of
plastics in laboratory tests.

[47] DIN V 54900-3, Testing of the compostability of plastics — Part 3: Testing under practice-relevant conditions
and testing of quality of the composts.

[48] DIN V 54900-4, Testing of the compostability of polymeric materials — Part 4: Testing of the ecotoxicity of the
composts.

d) Energy and water consumption

[49] I EC 60436, Methods for measuring the performance of electric dishwashers.

[50] I EC 60350, Electric cooking ranges, hobs, ovens and grills for household use — Methods for measuring
performance.

[51 ] IEC 60379, Methods for measuring the performance of electric storage water-heaters for household purposes.

[52] IEC 60531 , Household electric thermal storage room heaters — Methods for measuring performance.

[53] IEC 60675, Household electric direct-acting room heaters — Methods for measuring performance.

[54] IEC 60456, Clothes washing machines for household use — Methods for measuring the performance.

[55] IEC 61 1 21 , Electric tumble dryers for household use — Methods for measuring the performance.

[56] IEC 60530, Methods for measuring the performance of electric kettles and jugs for household and similar use.

[57] IEC 60661 , Methods for measuring the performance of electric household coffee makers.

22

IS/ISO 14021 : 1999

[58] IEC 60705, Household microwave ovens — Methods for measuring performance.

[59] ISO 7371 , Household refrigerating appliances — Refrigerators with or without low-temperature compartment —
Characteristics and test methods.

[60] ISO 81 87, Household refrigerating appliances — Refrigerator-freezers — Characteristics and test methods.

[61] ISO 8561, Household frost-free refrigerating appliances — Refrigerators, refrigerator-freezers, frozen food
storage cabinets and food freezers cooled by internal forced air circulation — Characteristics and test methods.

[62] ISO 51 51 , Non-ducted air conditioners and heat pumps — Testing and rating for performance.

[63] ISO 1 3253, Ducted air-conditioners and air-to-air heat pumps — Testing and rating for performance.

[64] ISO 13256 (all parts), Water-source heat pumps — Testing and rating for performance.

[65] ISO 15042 (all parts), Multiple split-system air-conditioners and air-to-air heat pumps — Testing and rating for
performance.

[66] ISO 5801 , Industrial fans — Performance testing using standardized airways.

23

Bureau of Indian Standards

BIS is a statutory institution established under the Bureau of Indian Standards Act, 1986 to promote
harmonious development of the activities of standardization, marking and quality certification of
goods and attending to connected matters in the country.

Copyright

BIS has the copyright of all its publications. No part of these publications may be reproduced in any
form without the prior permission in writing of BIS. This does not preclude the free use, in the course
of implementing the standard, of necessary details, such as symbols and sizes, type or grade
designations. Enquiries relating to copyright be addressed to the Director (Publication), BIS.

Review of Indian Standards

Amendments are issued to standards as the need arises on the basis of comments. Standards are also
reviewed periodically; a standard along with amendments is reaffirmed when such review indicates that
no changes are needed; if the review indicates that changes are needed, it is taken up for revision.
Users of Indian Standards should ascertain that they are in possession of the latest amendments or
edition by referring to the latest issue of 'BIS Catalogue' and 'Standards: Monthly Additions'.

This Indian Standard has been developed from Doc: No. CHD 34 (1147).

Amendments Issued Since Publication

Amend No.

Date of Issue

Text Affected

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